|
Activity
|
Potential threat to water
quality
|
|
1. Discharge via pipes of sewage, sewage
effluent, storm water and liquid effluents
from industry (including cooling waters
from power stations) to rivers, estuaries
and coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of organic matter, nutrients, contaminants (including
radionuclides and biocides), heated water and
micro-organisms.
Alteration of flow and salinity regime from
power station cooling water discharges
|
|
2. Abstraction of freshwater for irrigation,
industrial processes and drinking water
purposes;
|
Alteration
to flow regime in rivers affecting the salinity
regime in estuaries |
|
3. Abstraction of saltwater for cooling
and drinking water purposes;
|
Alteration
to flow regime |
|
4. Maintenance dredging in estuaries and
coastal waters;
|
Resuspension
of particulate matter and contaminants into
the water column |
|
5. Capital dredging in estuaries and coastal
waters;
|
Resuspension
of particulate matter and contaminants into
the water column |
|
6. Aggregate extraction in estuaries and
coastal waters;
|
Resuspension
of particulate matter and contaminants into
the water column |
|
7. Disposal of wastes (including dredge
spoil) in estuaries and coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of particulate matter and contaminants |
|
8. Aquaculture in estuaries and coastal
waters;
|
Introduction
of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants
(including veterinary medicines and antifoulants) |
|
9. Oil/ gas exploration in estuaries and
coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of particulate matter, contaminants and oil |
|
10. Pollution arising from shipping in
estuaries and coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of oil and petrochemicals, sewage (organic matter,
nutrients and micro-organisms) and contaminants
(antifoulants);
Introduction of dispersants to combat spills
|
|
11. Commercial fishing for fin and shell
fish in estuaries and coastal waters;
|
Resuspension
of particulate matter into the water column |
|
12. Land reclamation, marine construction
works (including harbours and marinas1)
and beach replenishment in estuaries and
coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of particulate matter during construction and
change in water circulation |
|
13. Flood defence in estuaries and coastal
waters;
|
Introduction
of particulate matter during construction and
change in water circulation |
|
14. Placement of structures in the sea
(including windfarms);
|
Introduction
of particulate matter and contaminants during
construction and operation |
|
15. Land use in the catchments of estuaries
and coastal waters;
|
Introduction
of particulate matter, organic matter, nutrients
and agrochemicals |
|
16. Discharge of gaseous emissions to the
atmosphere.
|
Introduction
of nutrients and contaminants through atmospheric
deposition |
For more information refer to the report on Port
and Harbour Operations (ABP Research Ltd 1999)
