Marine environments have been shaped over thousands of years by powerful natural forces. Throughout history, human activities have also had a profound influence on marine areas. It is relatively recently, however, that participation in recreational activities has grown to the extent that it has been linked to declining environmental quality in certain areas.

The recreational issues most frequently linked with environmental impacts range from physical actions such as infrastructure development, dredging and trampling to biological effects caused by sewage discharge, antifouling paint leaching and engine exhaust emissions.

The benefits of recreation for nature conservation

The importance of recreation

Trends in recreation and leisure participation

Findings from a questionnaire survey

Summary of recreation and the marine environment