|
Technique
|
Description
|
Target species
|
| Otter
Trawl demersal or pelagic |
Funnel
shaped net held open by weighted ground rope,
floats on the headline and the lateral paravaning
effect of the otter boards or doors. 'Tickler' chains attached along the front of demersal
nets dig into the seabed and disturb flatfish
into the path of the net. Large rubber discs
or steel bobbins on the ground rope enable the
trawl to be towed over rocky ground, this is
known as rock hopper gear. |
Cod,
whiting, haddock, saithe, pollack, dogfish,
Dover sole, plaice, flounder, turbot, monkfish
and rays, Nephrops. |
| Pair
Trawl |
Towed
by two boats attached to the trawl by a single
warp with no need for otter boards. Inshore
trawlers can pair up, reducing fuel costs, speeding
towing time and towing a bigger net. |
Used
for both demersal and pelagic fish species. |
| Beam
Trawl |
Net
attached to a beam which keeps the mouth of
the net open. The beam is supported by two triangular
beam heads which run over the seabed. A chain
matrix attached to the bottom of the net can
prevent damage when used over rocky ground.
Tickler chains may be attached for catching
fish on sandy ground. Two beams may be trawled
for stability. |
Dover
sole, plaice, flounder, turbot, monkfish and
skate, lobsters, crabs, crawfish, shrimp and
Nephrops. |
| Demersal
seine |
Vessel
pays out a long rope with a trawl shaped net
with extended wings at mid-length. The two free
ends are then pulled back to the boat either
whilst trawling slowly (fly/Danish seine) or
whilst the boat is stationary (Anchor seine). |
Cod,
whiting, haddock, saithe, pollack, dogfish,
Dover sole, plaice, flounder, turbot, monkfish
and rays. |
| Beach
seine |
One
end of the seine net is held on the beach with
the rest of the net in a boat which proceeds
to set the net in a circle. The net is then
hauled onto the beach. |
Salmon,
trout, bass, mackerel, mullet and sandeels. |
| Scallop
Dredge |
Toothed
metal bar rake up the molluscs and collects
them in a reinforced bag or net. The bar may
be spring loaded to prevent it catching on the
seabed. Heavy dredges are required for scallops
whilst light dredges or even otter trawls may
be used for queens on the seabed. |
Queens
and scallops |
| Mussel
and Oyster dredge |
Metal
toothed bar or blade digs into the seabed and
scoops molluscs into the net. |
Mussels
and oysters |
| Cockle
dredge (hydraulic/ mechanical) |
Hydraulic
suction dredge uses metal blades which dig up
the sediment and a powerful jet of water exposes
the cockles which are blown up a suction pipe
onto the deck of a boat. A tractor dredge uses
a plough-like blade to remove sediment which
then is passed through a rotating drum with
metal bars to separate the cockles. |
Cockles.
Hydraulic suction dredge sometimes used for
razor shells and clams.
|
| Gill
net (fixed drift) |
Single
sheets of netting are weighted at the bottom
and have floats attached to the top to keep
them vertical in the water. The nets may be
attached to the seabed or floated form the surface.
(These methods are unlawful for fishery for
salmon in Scotland). |
Salmon,
sea trout. |
| Tangle
net |
Fixed
loosely or horizontally from the seabed entangles
catch by gill covers, legs, spines, appendages,
jaws etc. |
Dover
sole, crawfish, spider crabs, rays, plaice,
turbot, brill, lobster, crabs, Nephrops,
shrimp, flounder, monkfish. |
| Trammel
net |
3
layers of net fixed vertically with the outer
2 layers having a greater mesh size. Fish may
be either caught in the outer net or push the
smaller net through the outer net so trapping
the fish in a pocket. |
Dover
sole, plaice, cod, whiting, haddock, saithe,
pollack, dogfish, flounder, turbot, monkfish
and rays. |
| Salmon
net and trap |
Drift
net, seine net see above.
Haaf nets - hand held nets with fishermen
standing against the tide.
T traps - leader approximately 200m
stretching from beach to a headpiece which
contains two traps with funnel entrances.
J nets - the leader turns back on
itself to form a box or compound. Both these
nets are made of a visible material and rely
on the behaviour of the fish which are led
to be netted in the chamber, although some
may be enmeshed in the leader or chamber walls.
Bag nets- these nets are set in deep
water from a boat. They comprise a leader
stretching seawards from the shore to a trap.
|
Salmon
and sea trout |
| Eel
net and trap |
Most
popular trap is the fyke net which is three
chambers with one-way conical entrances and
a leader to guide the fish in. Nets are often
set to catch eels migrating to the sea spawning
grounds at the end of summer through winter.
Otter exclusion bars may be fitted. |
Eels |
| Pot
(crustacean/
mollusc)
|
Inkwell
pots - dome shaped with top entrance for
crabs, crawfish and lobster.
Parlour pot - rectangular with two
chambers, crustacea enter first baited chamber
and are trapped as they enter the second chamber
to escape.
Pots are often steel or plastic coated frames
covered in netting and may be baited. The
pots are anchored by a weighted base. Inshore
10-50 pots may be attached to a line.
Whelk pots - plastic drums weighted
with concrete with netting surrounding the
entrance hole, usually baited.
|
Crabs,
lobsters, crawfish, whelks and prawns. |
| Longline |
Longlines
have baited hooks attached to a main line by
branch lines or snoods. |
Demersal
fish such as cod, rays, ling and dogfish. |
| Hand
line |
Rod
and line using baited hooks or lures, may have
mechanised reels. |
Good
for bass when live sandeels are used as bait. |
| Hand
gathering |
Shellfish
are collected from intertidal areas using a
spade or rake and put through a sieve to remove
ones of marketable size. Some species are also
collected by diving (scallops, razor shells). |
Shellfish,
cockles, mussels, scallops, oysters and periwinkles. |
| Aquaculture
(finfish/shellfish) |
Suspended
cages used for finfish with nets deployed in
various ways around the perimeter to reduce
risk of predation from seals and birds. Shellfish
culture includes laying on nets attached to
rafts, floats or stakes (mussels), in trays
(oysters and clams) and lantern nets (scallops). |
Salmon,
turbot, halibut, mussels, oysters, clams, scallops. |
