Equipment and protocols for monitoring water quality and water movement have been developed for oceanographic use and for use by water companies and river authorities. This equipment requires skilled personnel in order to operate and maintain the equipment as well as for interpretation of the results. Devices such as fixed in situ current meters and pressure sensors can be used to measure wave height, tide height and water movement near the seabed. Irradiance and water turbidity can both be recorded using in situ remote devices. Devices for measuring water quality are being improved continually. Suitable devices can be placed in situ and data recorded for collection or for transmission to a base station.

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