References
ABP Research 1997. Vickers Shipbuilding & Engineering
Ltd - GEC Marine (VSEL)-Reactivation of shipbuilding
facilities at the VSEL Shipyard: Impacts to Nature
Conservation Interests. Report No. R707.
ABP Research 1997. Environmental Assessment of
the deepening of Swansea Channel. ABP Research Report
No. R701.
ABP Research 1995. Environmental scoping study
for proposed dredging and disposal works at Port
Talbot. ABP Research Report No. R512.
ABP Research 1995. Channel deepening environmental
assessment: Ship generated waves in Southampton
Water. ABP Research Report No. 495.
ABP Research 1994. Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Dredging Licence
Application. ABP Research Report No. R462.
Associated British Ports 1998. A better place in
the Environment. ABP Environmental Review.
Bates, A.D. 1998. Clear water revival, Dredging
for a better environment-Developments in dredging
plant & methods to minimise environmental impact.
Summary of Presentation at CEDA Regional Seminar,
University of Liverpool. A D Bates Partnership &
Inland Waters Consultants.
Bates, A.D. 1996. Deepening the navigation approach
to the Port of Londonderry. Proceedings of the Institution
of Civil Engineers; Water, Maritime & Energy,
118, pp.1-9.
Berge, J.A., Lichtenthaler, R.G., and Oreld, F.
1987. Hydrocarbon depuration and abiotic changes
in artificially oil contaminated sediment in the
subtidal. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,
24, pp.567-583.
Birkett, D.A., Maggs, C.A., Dring, M.J., and Boaden,
P.J. 1998. "Maerl": An overview
of dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation
management of marine SACS. Prepared for UK Marine
SACs Project, SAMS by Queens University of
Belfast.
Boxall, A.B.A., Conrad, A.U. and
Reed, S. 1998. Environmental problems from antifouling
agents. Survey of manufacturers, chandlers (suppliers)
and treatment sites. WRc report for the Environment
Agency. R&D Technical Report P2F(97)03. Environment
Agency, Bristol.
Brandon, D.L., Lee, C.R., and Simmers, J.W. 1992.
Long-term evaluation of plants and animals colonising
contaminated estuarine dredged material placed in
upland and wetland environments. Environmental Effects
of Dredging, Vol. D-92-4. US Army Corps of Engineers,
Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS ,USA.
Bray, R.N., Bates, A.D., and Land, J.M. 1997. Dredging-A
handbook for engineers. Second Edition. Arnold,
London.
Brehmer, M.L. 1965. Turbidity and siltation as
forms of pollution. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,
20, pp.132-133.
Brigden, A.J. 1996. Used dredged spoil as a topsoil
substitute for derelict land reclamation. The Dock
and Harbour Authority, 77 (869), pp.85 89
British Marine Industries Federation, Canterbury
City Council, Cyngor Gwynedd Council, Poole Harbour
Commissioners, Royal Yachting Association, Wirral
Jet Ski Club 1999. Managing Personal Watercraft,
A guide for local and harbour authorities. Eardley,
J. & Mawby J., eds. Published 1999.
British Marine Industries Federation 1997. A guide
to boating and the environment, Booklet. BMIF, Egham,
UK.
British Marine Industries Federation and Royal
Yachting Association 1998. Port Waste Management
Planning A guide for marina operators and
coastal clubs, Booklet. RYA, Hampshire.
British Ports Federation 1993. Environmental code
of practice. London.
British Trust for Ornithology 1990. The impact
of noise and artificial light on waterfowl behaviour.
A review and synthesis of available literature.
A report by Dr. David Hill for the British Trust
for Ornithology in respect for the Second Severn
Crossing.
Browning, L.J., Williams, A.D. and Harland, E.
1997. Cetacean disturbance by high speed ferries:
a preliminary assessment. Proceedings of the Institute
of Acoustics, 19 (9), pp.85-95.
Burt, J., Laffoley, D., Hill, T. and McMullon,
C. in preparation. Advice on operations which may
cause deterioration of disturbance to interest features
. English Nature draft report.
Burt, N. 1996. Guidelines for the beneficial use
of dredged material. Report SR 488. HR Wallingford
report published on behalf of DETR.
Burt, N.,andD Paipai, E. 1996. Dredging and disposal
strategies for ports. UK Harbourmasters Association
Seminar, 20 February 1996, London.
Carlton, J.T. 1996. Marine Bio-invasions: the alteration
of marine ecosystems by non-indigenous species.
Oceanography, 9, pp.36-42.
Carpenter, K.E., and Brampton, A.H. 1996. Maintenance
and enhancement of saltmarshes, Draft Project Record
Volume 1. National Rivers Authority R&D
Note 567/1/SW.
Carrick District Council 1997. Environmental code
of practice for the ports of Falmouth, Truro and
Penryn, Booklet. Carrick District Council.
Ciria 1997. Inland dredgingguidance on good
practice, Report no. 169. CIRIA, London.
Ciria 1996. Guidance on the disposal of dredged
material to land, Report No. 157. Ciria, London.
Clark, R.B. 1996. Marine Pollution. 3rd
ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Connor, P.M. 1972. Acute toxicity of heavy metals
to some marine larvae. Marine Pollution Bulletin,
3, pp.190-192.
Cooke, A. and McMath, M. in preparation. Sensmap:
A protocol for assessing and mapping the sensitivity
of individual marine species and benthic marine
life to marine activities. CCW, Bangor.
Cornwall County Council 1995. Falmouth Bay and
Estuaries Initiative. Cornwall County Council.
Countryside Council for Wales & Associated
British Ports 1998. Preface to the Severn SAC draft
management plan process. ABP, London.
Countryside Council for Wales 1996. Natura 2000:
European marine sites: an introduction to management,
Booklet.
Dearnaley, M.P., Carpenter, K., Nottage, A.S.,
Stevenson, J.R. and Burt, T.N. 1995. Beneficial
use of muddy dredged material. 14th World
Dredging Congress - Dredging Benefits. WODA, Amsterdam,
14-17 November, pp.333-347.
Dee Davison Associated 1998. An overview of the
dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation
management of marine SACs.
Detr and Welsh Office 1998. European marine sites
in England and Wales A Guide to the Conservation
(Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994 and
to the Preparation and Application of Management
Schemes. HMSO, London.
Detr 1998. Port waste management planning- How
to do it ? HMSO, London.
Detr 1998. Byelaw powers for the coast A
Discussion Paper. HMSO.
Dixon, M. 1996. Foreshore recharge. Environment
Agency Report containing explanatory photographs
and maps.
DoE 1995. Policy guidelines for the coast. HMSO.
DoE 1994. Planning Policy Guidance note on Nature
Conservation (PPG9). HMSO.
Dover Harbour Board 1998. 1997 Environmental Review.
Dover Harbour Board, Dover.
Dunbar, M.J., Fowler, S.L., Davidson, N.C. and
Stroud, D.A. 1997. Leisure and tourism. In: Barne,
J.H., Robson, C.F., Kaznowska, S.S., Doody, J.P.
and Davidson, N.C., eds. Coasts and Seas
of the United Kingdom, Region 9, Southern England:
Hayling Island to Lyme Regis. JNCC, Peterborough.
Eearll, R. 1998. Developments with sourcing litter,
In Coastal and riverine litter developing effective
solutions. Proceedings of a one day conference,
London December 2nd 1997, organised in
conjunction with the National Aquatic Litter Group.
Coastal Management for Sustainability, Kempley.
Earthwatch 1998. Business and biodiversity. Earthwatch,
Oxford.
ENDS, 1998. Breakthroughs in marine paints spur
TBT phase-out. ENDS Report, 277, February
1998, pp. 13.
English Nature 1996. Marine Special Areas of Conservation,
pamphlet.
English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage, Environment
and Heritage Service (DOE(NI)), Countryside Council
for Wales, Joint Nature Conservation Committee &
Scottish Association for Marine Sciences 1998. Natura
2000. European marine sites: Guidance relating
to statutory conservation objectives and operations
which may cause deterioration or disturbance. Peterborough,
EN.
Eno, N.C., Clark, R.A., Sanderson, W.G. 1997. Non
native marine species in British Waters: a review
and directory. Joint Nature Conservancy Council.
Environment Agency 1996. Pollution Prevention Guidance
Note 14 (PPG 14): Marinas and craft. Environment
Agency, Bristol, April 1996.
Environment Canada 1994. Environmental impacts
of dredging and sediment disposal. Great Lakes Cleanup
Fund. Environmental Protection, Quebec and Ontario
Regions.
Environment Tracing Systems Ltd 1996. Water injection
dredging tracer study, Medway Estuary.
ESPO 1993. Environmental Code of Practice. ESPO,
Brussels.
Faris, J., and Hart, K. 1994. Seas of Debris: A
summary of the third international conference on
marine debris. Miami, Florida. N.C. Sea Grant College
Program, IOC, pp 54.
Field Studies Council Oil Pollution Research Unit
1994. Industry and the environment: The recent history
of the Fawley saltmarsh and the Esso refinery. Report
produced for Esso Petroleum Company Limited.
Fowler, C.W. 1985. An evaluation of the role of
entanglement in the population dynamics of northern
fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. Proceedings
of a Workshop on the Fate and Impact of Marine Debris,
27-29 November 1984, Hawaii. pp.291-307
George, J.D., Tittley, I., Browne, S.J., Clarke,
N.A., Chimonides, P.J., Evans, J.D., Muir, A.I.,
and Spurrier, C. 1996. North Morecambe project:
Post re-instatement ecological survey, Autumn 1995.
A report for British Gas Exploration and Production
Limited.
Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine
Pollution (GESAMP) 1990. The State of the marine
environment. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies
No. 15, UNEP, 1990.
Gubbay, S. 1996. Flamborough Head SMA, Falmouth
Bay and Estuaries, and the Severn Estuary multiple
use zoning schemes. Report to English Nature.
Hall, S.J., Basford, D.J., and Robertson, M.R.
1991. The impact of hydraulic dredging for razor
clams Ensis sp. on an infaunal community.
Neth. J. Sea Res., 27, (1), pp.6.
Hiscock, K. 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review:
Rationale and method. Peterborough, JNCC.
HMSO 1992. Port Statistics. HMSO London.
Howard, S., Baker, J.M., and Hiscock, K. 1989.
The effects of oil dispersants on seagrass in Milford
Haven. In: Ecological impacts of the oil industry
(Ed. B. Dicks). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
HR Wallingford and Posford Duvivier Environment
1998. Harwich Haven approach channel deepening:
Environmental Statement. Report EX 3791. HR Wallingford
Report, Wallingford, Oxon.
Hynds, P. 1997. Waterjet concerns are defused.
Speed at Sea, 3 (4), pp.24 - 25.
International Association of Dredging Companies
and Central Dredging Association 1996. Environmental
aspects of dredging, Volume 1: Players, processes
and perspectives. International Association of Dredging
Companies, The Hague.
International Association of Dredging Companies
and Central Dredging Association 1997. Environmental
aspects of dredging, Volume 2a: Conventions, codes
and conditions: Marine disposal. IADC, The
Hague.
International Association of Dredging Companies
and Central Dredging Association 1997. Environmental
aspects of dredging, Volume 2b: Conventions, codes
and conditions: Land disposal. IADC, The Hague.
International Association of Dredging Companies
and Central Dredging Association 1998. Environmental
aspects of dredging, Volume 3: Investigation, interpretation
and impact. IADC, The Hague.
International Association of Dredging Companies
and Central Dredging Association 1998. Environmental
aspects of dredging, Volume 4: Machines, methods
and mitigation. IADC, The Hague.
International Association of Ports and Harbours
1991. Practical guidelines for ports on environmental
issues. Water Pollution: a concern for Port Authorities.
Report prepared by the Port Safety Sub-Committee,
IAPH, Tokyo, pp 23.
Institute of Civil Engineers 1995. Design and practice
guides: Dredging. The Institution of Civil Engineers,
London.
Institute of Environment Assessment 1998. EC Eco-management
and audit scheme-A participants guide. Institute
of Environmental Assessment, Lincoln.
International Council for the Exploration of the
Seas 1992. Effects of extraction of marine sediments
on fisheries, ICES Report No. 182.
International Council for the Exploration of the
Seas 1991. Report of the ICES study group on seals
and small cetaceans in Northern European Seas. ICES
CM1991/N:19.
International Maritime Organisation 1998. Guidelines
for the control and management of ships ballast
water to minimise the transfer of harmful aquatic
organisms and pathogens. Resolution A.868 (20).
IMO, London.
International Maritime Organisation 1997. Convention
on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972, (London Convention
1972). IMO, London.
International Maritime Organisation 1995. Comprehensive
Manual on Port Reception Facilities. IMO, London.
International Chamber of Shipping 1997. Shipping
and the Environment, a code of practice. ICS, London.
International Chamber of Shipping
1998. Garbage management plans, guidelines for the
preparation of garbage management plans, Incorporating
a model plan. ICS, London.
Iwata, H., Tanabe, S., Mizuno, T. and Tatsukawa,
R. 1995. High accumulation of toxic butyltins in
marine mammals from Japanese coastal waters. Environmental
Science and Technology, 29, pp. 2959-2962.
JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE 1998. Statement
on common standards for monitoring designated sites.
Peterborough, JNCC, pp. 8.
Keizer, P.D., Ahern, T.P., Dale, J., and Vanermeulen
1978. Residues of bunker C oil in Chedabucto Bay,
Novia Scotia, 6 years after the Arrow spill. J.
Fish. Res. Board. Can., 35, pp.528-535.
Kirby, R. 1995a. Beneficial uses of fine-grained
dredged material-New frontiers. Dredging 14 (4),
pp.32-35.
Kirby, R. 1995b. Tidal flat regeneration
a beneficial use of muddy dredge material. In: 14th
World Dredging Congress. Dredging Benefits, Amsterdam.
Laist, D. 1997. Impacts of marine debris: Entanglement
of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive
list of species with entanglement and ingestion
records. In: Marine Debris: Sources, Impacts and
Solutions. Environmental Management Series, Springer.
Landin, M.C. 1998. Beneficial uses of dredged material:
Island and wetland habitat restoration and creation.
In: The 15th World Dredging Congress
Dredging into the century & exhibition.
WODA, Las Vegas, June 28 July 2, pp 733-745.
Landin, M.C., Patin, T.R., Davis, J.E., Palermo,
M.R., Clarke, D.G. 1995. Environmental restoration
and habitat development using dredged material in
US waters. In: The 14th World Dredging
Congress - Dredging Benefits. WODA, Amsterdam, 14-17
November, pp.173-182.
Lankester, R. 1996. Marine environmental pilotage
Small craft. Unpublished report for Marine
Ecology and Sailing.
Law, R.J., Blake, S.J., Jones, B.R. and Rogan,
E. 1998. Organotin compounds in liver tissue of
harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and grey seals
(Halichoerus grypus) from the coastal waters of
England and Wales. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36,
3, pp. 241-247.
Lee, E.M., Clark, A.R., Doornkamp, J.C., Boardman,
J., Hooke, J., Lewin, J., Pethick, J., Brunsden,
D., Jones, D., and Newson, M. 1995. The occurrence
and significance of erosion, deposition and flooding
in Great Britain. HMSO, London.
Legget, D.J. and Dison, M. 1994. Management of
the Essex saltmarshes for flood defence. In: R.A.
Falconer and P. Goodwin, eds. Wetland Management.
Institution of Civil Engineers.
Leisure Consultants 1989. Boating and water sports
in Britain.
Lincoln, R.J., and Boxshall. G.A. 1990. The Cambridge
illustrated dictionary of natural history. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
Loretttto, C.J. and Proud, S.V. 1993. Effects of
TBT on dogwhelks at marine inlets and marinas. Fifth
interim report of the Marine Conservation Society
survey of dogwhelk populations around the UK. Report
PECD/7/8/186, Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye.
Marine Conservation Society 1999. Beachwatch Survey
1998, Nationwide Beach-clean & Survey Report.
Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye.
Marine Conservation Society 1998. Beachwatch Survey
1997, Nationwide Beach-clean & Survey Report.
Marine Conservation Society, Ross-on-Wye.
Marine Pollution Control Unit, 1997. Oil contingency
plan guidelines for ports, harbours, and oil handling
facilities. Draft Report, MPCU, MCA, Southampton.
Marine Safety Agency 1995. The prevention of pollution
by garbage from ships. HMSO, London.
Marine Safety Agency 1995. The prevention of oil
pollution from ships. HMSO, London.
Marine Safety Agency 1983. Code of practice for
noise levels on ships. HMSO, London.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency 1998. Work boat
code of practice: An operator's guide. Compiled
by Peter Moth, Foreshore Media 132 pp.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency 1998. Safe sea guide.
HMSO, London.
Maritime and Coastguard Agency 1998. Oil spill
contingency plan guidelines for ports, harbours,
and oil handling facilities. MCA, Southampton. May,
1998.
Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food 1996.
Aquatic environment monitoring report: Monitoring
and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants
in the aquatic environment and activities regulating
the disposal of wastes at Sea. Directorate of Fisheries
Research, Lowestoft
Murray, L.A. 1994a. Progress in England and Wales
on the development of beneficial uses of dredged
material. Conference on Dredging, 13-16 November.
Murray, L.A. 1994b. Environmental considerations
in licensing procedures. Conference on dredged material
disposal Problems and solutions, Institution
of Civil Engineers, London.
National Research Council 1996. Stemming the tide,
Controlling introduction of non-indigenous species
by ships' ballast water. Report of the Committee
on Ships' Ballast Operations, Marine Board, Commission
on Engineering and Technical Systems. National Academy
Press, Washington DC.
Nedwell, S., and Elliott, M. 1998. Intertidal mudflats
and sandbanks and subtidal mobile sandbanks. Draft
Report, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies,
University of Hull.
Newell, R.C., Seiderer, L.J. and Hitchcock, D.R.
1998. The impact of dredging works in coastal waters:
A review of the sensitivity to disturbance and subsequent
recovery of biological resources on the sea bed.
Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review
1998, 36,127-178.
Parr, W., Clarke, S.J., Van Dijk, P. and Morgan,
N. 1998. Turbidity in English and Welsh tidal waters.
WRc Report No. CO 4301. Report for English Nature.
WRc Medmenham, Bucks.
Peddicord, R.K., and McFarland, V.A. 1978. Effects
of suspended dredged material on aquatic animals.
Technical Report D-78-29. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS,USA.
Pennekamp, J.G.S., Eskamp, R.J.C., Rosenbrand,
W.F., Mullie, A., Wessel, G.L., Arts, T., and Decibel,
I.K. 1996. Turbidity caused by dredging; viewed
in perspective. Terra et Aqua, 64, pp.10-17.
Pennekamp, J.G.S., and Quaak, M.P. 1990. Impact
on the environment of turbidity caused by dredging.
Terra et Aqua, 42, pp.10-20.
Pethick, J., and Burd, F. 1996. Inter-tidal restoration:
Aims and techniques, Report to ABP Research. Coastal
Research Unit, University of Cambridge.
Percival, S.M., Anderson, G., and Denny, M. 1996.
Lindisfarne NNR: Survey of the Zostera and other
intertidal vegetation. Report for Applied Ecological
Services Ltd.
PIANC 1998. Management of Aquatic Disposal of Dredged
Material. Report of Working Group No. 1 PEC. PIANC,
Brussels.
PIANC 1997. Dredged Material Management Guide.
PIANC, Brussels.
PIANC 1996. Handling and treatment of contaminated
dredged material from ports and inland waterways
"CDM". Volume 1. Report of Working Group
No. 17 of the Permanent Technical Committee 1. Supplement
to Bulletin No. 89. PIANC, Brussels.
PIANC 1992. Beneficial uses of dredged material,
A Practical Guide. PIANC, Brussels.
PIANC in preparation. Environmental management
framework for ports and related industries. PIANC
Permanent Environmental Commission Working Group
4.
Poole Harbour Steering Group 1998. Poole Harbour
Aquatic Management Plan. Assisted by BMIF. Poole
Harbour Commissioners.
Pugh, D. and Skinner, L. 1996. An anlysis of marine-related
activities in the UK economy and supporting science
and technology. IACMST, Southampton.
Rennis, D.S. 1995. Environmental management systems
for ports. Marine environmental management review
of 1994 and future trends, Volume 2, Paper 11, pp.
57-60.
Ribera, M.A., and Boudouresque, C.F. 1995. Introduced
marine plants, with special reference to macroalgae:
mechanisms and impact. Progress in Phycological
Research, 11, pp.187-269.
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 1994.
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Eighteenth
Report: Transport and the Environment. (Eds. J.
Houghton et al) HMSO, London, pp. 325.
Royal Yachting Association 1997. Tide Lines
Environmental Guidance for Boat Users, Booklet.
Scottish Natural Heritage, English Nature, Environment
and Heritage Service (DOE(NI)), Countryside Council
for Wales and Joint Nature Conservation Committee
1997. Natura 2000. European marine sites: an introduction
to management. SNH, Perth.
Scottish Office 1995. Scotland's seas and Habitats
Directive: Proposed Special Areas of Conservation
in the marine environment. Edinburgh, Scottish Office.
Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries
Deopartment 1996. Monitoring and assessment of the
marine benthos at UK dredged material disposal sites.
Scottish Fisheries Information Pamphlet No. 21.
SOAEFD.
Sea Empress Environmental Evaluation Committee
1996. Sea Empress Environmental Evaluation Committee,
Initial Report. SEEEC.
Severn Estuary Strategy/Strategaeth Mor Hafren
1997. Severn Estuary, Joint Issues Report, May 1997.
Environment Agency & University of Wales, Cardiff.
Sheavly, S.B. 1995. 1994 US national coastal cleanup
results. Centre for Marine Conservation.
Sobral, P. and Widdows, J. 1997. Effects of copper
exposure on the scope of growth of the clam Ruditapes
decussatus from Southern Portugal. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 34, 12, pp. 992-1000.
Solent Forum 1997. Strategic guidance for the Solent,
December 1997.
Solway Firth Partnership 1996. The Solway Firth
Review.
Stern, E.M., and Stickle, W.B. 1978. Effects of
turbidity and suspended material in aquatic environments:
Literature review. Technical Report D-78-21. U.S.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
MS ,USA.
Stichting Anti Slib 1997. Antislib, video. Stichting
Anti Slib, Drimmelen.
Stickney, R.R., and Permutter, D. 1975. Impact
of intracoastal waterway maintenance dredging on
a mud bottom benthos community. Biological Conservation,
7, pp.211-225.
The Yacht Harbour Association 1992. The code of
practice for the construction and operation of marinas
and yacht harbours. 3rd edition. The
Yacht Harbour Association, Kent, pp.34.
Toft, A.R., Pethick, J.S., Gray, A.J., Doody, J.P.
and Penning-Rowsell, E. 1994. A guide to the understanding
and management of saltmarshes. (Eds. AR Toft and
RJ Maddrell) Sir William Halcrow & Partners
Ltd. Report for the NRA. R&D Note 324.
Turnpenny, W.H. and Nedwell, J. R 1994. The effects
on marine fish, diving mammals and birds of underwater
sound generated by seismic surveys. Report FCR 089/94.
Fawley Aquatic Research Laboratories.
UK CEED 1998. UK Marine SACs Project, Recreational
user interactions: Framework for reviewing and managing
potential recreational impacts. Consultation Report.
UK CEED, Cambridge.
UK CEED 1998. Navigate with Nature Are you
on course? Coasts and Coastal Waters; The Humber
& Tees Estuaries; and The Norfolk & Suffolk
Broads. A series of three booklets.
UK CEED 1993. Environmental impacts of the British
marine industry. Report for BMIF, November 1993.
US Army Corps of Engineers 1987. Engineering and
design: Beneficial uses of dredged material. Engineer
Manual No. 110-2-5026.
Van Der Veer, H.W., Bergman, M.J.N., and Beukema,
J.J. 1985. Dredging activities in the Dutch Wadden
Sea: effects on macro-benthic fauna. Neth. J. Sea
Res., 19 (2), pp.183-190.
Voudrais, E.A., and Smith, C.L. 1986. Hydrocarbon
pollution from marinas in estuarine sediments. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 22, pp.271-284.
Weston, D.P. 1990. Hydrocarbon bioaccumulation
from contaminated sediment by the deposit-feeding
polychaete Abarenicola pacifica. Marine Biology,
107 (1), pp.159-169.
Westcott, S., Semmens, P., and Schofield, C. 1994.
Marine debris in Cornwall. Cornwall Wildlife Trust,
UK.
Wilber, C.G. 1971. Turbidity Animals. In:
Marine Ecology Vol 2 (Ed. OKinne). Wiley Interscience,
London, pp 1181-1194.
Woolbridge, C.F., and Couper, A.D. 1995. Validity
of scientific criteria for environmental auditing
of port and harbour operations. Department of Maritime
Studies and International Transport. University
of Wales, Cardiff.
Woodrow, W. 1998. Beneficial use of dredgings
plusses and minuses for the coastal ecology. In:
Beneficial Use of Dredged Material, Proceedings
of a one day seminar at HR Wallingford, Wednesday
14 October, 1998.
Youngblood, W.W., and Blumer, M. 1975. Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. Geochemica
et Cosmochemica Acta, 41, pp.1627-1641.
Zabawa, C., and Ostrom, C. 1980. The role of boat
wakes in shore erosion, in Arundel County, Maryland.
Maryland Coast Report Number 5.
Next Section
|